As defense secretary he substituted (1506) a citizens’ militia for the mercenary system then prevailing con Italy
Verso member of the impoverished branch of per distinguished family, he entered (1498) the political service of the Florentine republic and rose rapidly mediante importance. This reform sprang from his conviction, set forth durante his major works, that the employment of mercenaries had largely contributed esatto the political weakness of Italy. Machiavelli became acquainted with power politics through his important diplomatic missions. He met Cesare Borgia Borgia, Cesare or Caesar, 1476–1507, Italian soldier and politician, younger affranchit of Pope Alexander VI and an outstanding figure of the Italian Renaissance.. Click the link for more information. twice and was sent by way of Florence preciso Louis XII of France (1504, 1510), onesto Pope Julius II (1506), and preciso Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (1507).
The Medicis’ return (1512) sicuro Florence caused his dismissal; durante 1513 he was briefly imprisoned and was tortured for his alleged complicity mediante a plot against the Medici. Machiavelli retired puro his country caldo, where he wrote his chief works. He humiliated himself before the Medici durante verso vain attempt onesto recover office. When, sopra 1527, the republic was briefly reestablished, Machiavelli was distrusted by many of the republicans, and he died thoroughly disappointed and embittered.
Principal Writings
Machiavelli’s best-known work, Il monarca [the prince] (1532), describes the means by which per prince may gain and maintain his power. (suite…)